Tabriz in Azerbaijan (Ilkhanate) -- Constantinople in Rum (Byzantium) -- Siena in Tuscany (land of the Franks) -- Cairo in Egypt (Mamluk Sultanate) -- Alchi in Ladakh (greater Himalayan Region) -- Turfan in Uighuristan (Tarim Basin) -- Dadu in Khitai (Great Yuan) -- Quanzhou in Manzi (Great Yuan).